MIG/MAG welding is one of the most versatile processes in precision engineering. It keeps costs down and can sustain very high production rates. Technically, it is continuous consumable-wire welding protected by a shielding gas. The process starts from a power source: the current produces an electric arc between the consumable wire electrode and the material to be welded.
When welding begins, a shielding gas flows from the torch to the weld pool to stabilise the arc and protect the material from contact with atmospheric gases. As the MIG/MAG wire melts, it joins the weld pool.
What does MIG/MAG welding mean?
The acronyms MIG and MAG refer to the shielding gas used during welding:
- MIG stands for Metal Inert Gas: an inert gas is used, which does not react with the weld pool. Examples of inert gases are argon and helium;
- MAG stands for Metal Active Gas: the gas is active and takes part chemically in the fusion process. The most common active gases include argon with a percentage of carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
The choice between MIG and MAG welding does not affect the quality of the final result; it depends solely on the properties of the metal being worked. In MIG welding, argon does not react with the other elements in the process, helping current flow and preventing contact between the weld pool and atmospheric gases. This allows certain materials, such as aluminium, to be deoxidised, which is why MIG welding is particularly suitable for them. In MAG processes, carbon dioxide provides deeper penetration and helps stabilise the arc, making it ideal for materials such as steel and stainless steel.
Continuous-wire MIG/MAG welding is extremely productive and supports very high rates: the wire is continuous, so the electrode never needs replacing. MIG and MAG welding can be used on a wide range of metals thanks to adjustable gas and power source parameters. MIG/MAG welding machines are also cheaper than the equipment needed for other types of welding.
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